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(175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#224 used as offset, casting to integer (224) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#224 used as offset, casting to integer (224) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#225 used as offset, casting to integer (225) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#225 used as offset, casting to integer (225) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#226 used as offset, casting to integer (226) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#226 used as offset, casting to integer (226) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#227 used as offset, casting to integer (227) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#227 used as offset, casting to integer (227) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#228 used as offset, casting to integer (228) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#228 used as offset, casting to integer (228) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#229 used as offset, casting to integer (229) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#229 used as offset, casting to integer (229) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#230 used as offset, casting to integer (230) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#230 used as offset, casting to integer (230) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#175 used as offset, casting to integer (175) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#231 used as offset, casting to integer (231) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#231 used as offset, casting to integer (231) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#232 used as offset, casting to integer (232) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#232 used as offset, casting to integer (232) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#233 used as offset, casting to integer (233) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#233 used as offset, casting to integer (233) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Нас утро встречает...Николай Косицын В учебниках для медицинских ВУЗов можно найти данные о дозах и эффектах, но в наше время эти данные глубоко устарели. Нет пока окончательных и устоявшихся представлений о влиянии кофеина на организм человека.
Йоги начинают день с простой воды. Но много ли йогов вокруг Вас? Подавляющее большинство цивилизованных (и не очень) людей начинают с чашки горячего, бодрящего напитка: кофе, какао или чая. Что неудивительно, ведь в этих напитках содержатся одни и те же вещества – алкалоиды, обладающие психостимулирующим эффектом. Тонизирующие свойства кофе, согласно самой распространённой легенде, были открыты эфиопским пастухом Калдимом, заметившим, что козы, наевшись листьев и тёмно-красных плодов определённого кустарника, перестали спать, и вели себя очень резво. Пастух рассказал об этом настоятелю монастыря. Тот, убедившись в действенности напитка из ягод, стал с помощью него бороться с сонливостью монахов на молебнах (850 г.). Итак, кофеин. Его открыл и дал известное нам название немецкий химик Фердинанд Рунге. А воспроизвести кофеин в лабораторных условиях смог Герман Эмиль Фишер, который в 1902 году получил Нобелевскую премию и за это тоже. Но ясность на этом кончается. В учебниках для медицинских ВУЗов можно найти данные о дозах и эффектах, но эти данные глубоко устарели в наше время. Нет пока окончательных и устоявшихся представлений о влиянии кофеина на организм человека. Неясен и механизм воздействия. Но, количество исследований и публикаций растёт год от года. И это понятно – кофе чрезвычайно популярный продукт. Другое дело, качество и финансирование исследований часто вызывает вопросы. Но они побеждают массой. На любые сведения о негативном действии кофе найдётся десяток опровержений. Читатели не будут вникать в нюансы и источники. Об этом ясно говорит пример с гипотетической пользой красного вина, именно красного, а не белого. В конце концов, разобрались, кто заказал, кто оплатил исследования, но уже поздно! Стереотип устоялся и упоминаниям о бокале красного вина несть числа... Начнём с самого главного – механизма действия. Кофеин по своей природе очень сходен с нейромедиатором аденозином: в их основе пуриновое основание аденин, одно из составляющих ДНК. Это означает, что кофеин может связываться с теми же рецепторами, что и аденозин, успешно конкурируя с ним. Собственно аденозин работает как своеобычный защитник при стрессах – ранениях, например. Аденозин оказывает на головной мозг тормозящее действие, предотвращая его перегрев. Наиболее эффективно аденозин связывается через рецепторы подтипа А1. Во время связи с этими же рецепторами кофеин просто замещает аденозин! Конкретный механизм удалось установить совсем недавно, в конце 2012 года немецкими исследователями из института нейрофизиологии. Использовалось новейшее достижение диагностики – позитронно-эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ). Опыты производились на мужчинах. После предварительных замеров участникам вводили кофеин в виде кратких внутривенных инъекций. После создания концентрации кофеина 13 мг/л, что эквивалентно 4-5 стандартным порциям эспрессо, оказалось, занято 50% А1-аденозиновых рецепторов. Таким образом, кофеин не оказывает возбуждающего эффекта на центральную нервную систему непосредственно, а всего лишь временно останавливает тормозящий эффект аденозина. Статус кофеина как наркотика весьма сомнителен, хотя учёные сходятся в том, что привыкание к кофе происходит. Но аддиктивный потенциал кофе очень низок. При интенсивном потреблении (более 300 мг кофеина в сутки) увеличивается число А1-аденозиновых рецепторов. Поэтому, при отказе от кофе, некоторое время ярче проявляется тормозящий эффект аденозина. Но ситуация быстро приходит в норму. А вот передозировка кофеина возможна, теоретически вплоть до летального исхода. Смертельным количеством может оказаться, по подсчётам токсикологов, чашка эспрессо на 1кг массы тела, и это должно быть набрано где-то за полчаса! Потребление кофе, в разумных пределах, не вредит сердцу. В настоящий момент все утверждения об отрицательном влиянии кофеина на пламенный мотор неоднократно опровергнуты. Зато уже в 2014 году китайские учёные, по данным 228 465 участников, показали, что мерцательная аритмия развивается у людей пьющих кофе реже, нежели у тех, кто его не пьёт. Продолжение следует! Эксклюзивно для Французскаякофейня.РФ Strict Standards: Resource ID#235 used as offset, casting to integer (235) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#235 used as offset, casting to integer (235) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#235 used as offset, casting to integer (235) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#235 used as offset, casting to integer (235) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#236 used as offset, casting to integer (236) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#236 used as offset, casting to integer (236) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216
Хозяйка кофейни (2014-11-08)
Какой интересный материал! Николай, мы с нетерпением ждем продолжение! Ответить на комментарий Strict Standards: Resource ID#237 used as offset, casting to integer (237) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#237 used as offset, casting to integer (237) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Strict Standards: Resource ID#238 used as offset, casting to integer (238) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 215 Strict Standards: Resource ID#238 used as offset, casting to integer (238) in /home/portalon/100hostov.com/docs/mysql.php on line 216 Просмотров: 3290
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